November 18, 2024

PON Advantages

PON Advantages: Shared infrastructure translates to lower cost per customer  minimal number of optical transceivers  feeder fiber and transceiver costs divided by N customers  greenfield per-customer cost similar to UTP [boxads] Passive splitters translate to lower cost can be installed anywhere no power needed essentially unlimited MTBF Fiber data-rates can be upgraded as technology improves initially 155 Mbps then 622 Mbps now 1.25 Gbps soon 2.5 Gbps and higher

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Which types of command used to ping a host continuously?

Which types of command used to ping a host continuously? You can ping from cmd by typing: c:\>ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] [-w timeout] target_ip/name [boxads] Source(s): Options: -t Ping the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue – type Control-Break; To stop – type Control-C. -a Resolve addresses to hostnames. -n count Number of echo requests to send. -l size Send buffer size. -f Set Don’t Fragment flag in packet. -i TTL Time To Live. -v TOS Type Of Service. -r …

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MPLS VPN Components basic knowledge

MPLS VPN Components: Today I will discuss about MPLS VPN Components. It is same as MP-BGP Components. only extra Label component are added with MPLS VPN Components. [boxads] RD: Route Distinguisher VPNv4 routes RT: Route Target Label VPNv4 address: To convert an IPv4 address into a VPNv4 address, RD is appended to the IPv4 address i.e 1:1:10.1.1.0 Makes the customer’s IPv4 route globally unique. Each VRF must be configured with an RD at the PE. RD is what that defines the VRF   [adsense] Example: ip vrf v1 rd 1:1

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Virtual Routing and Forwarding basics (VRF)

Virtual Routing and Forwarding basics (VRF): Today i will discuss about Virtual Routing and Forwarding basics (VRF). VRF is a Layer 3 VPN technique. VRF can be use with or without MPLS.  If we look bellow diagram we see here two VRF one is green VRF and another is blue VRF. [boxads] Virtual Routing and Forwarding basics (VRF) Diagram: Now one question what is VRF ? VRF associates to one or more interfaces on PE. Privatize an interface. [i.e. coloring of the interface in diagram] Has its own routing table and forwarding table (CEF) VRF has its own instance for …

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MPLS VPN Connectivity diagram

MPLS VPN Connectivity diagram: Today i will discuss about MPLS VPN Connectivity diagram or how a MPLS VPN domain buildup in service provider environment. [boxads] MPLS VPN domain are consist mainly P & PE router.  P router means provider router, and PE router means provider edge router. P router are only forwarded Level & PE router collect & distribute customer prefixes. If we look bellow diagram we see P & PE router how connected. MPLS VPN Connectivity diagram:

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